New Public Management in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

New Public Management in the UK - Essay prototypeThis research will begin with the statement that the traditional model f public administration is establish on the bureaucracy theory. It is characterized as an administration under the formal control f the political leadership, ground on a strictly hierarchical model f bureaucracy, staffed by permanent, neutral and anonymous officials, prompt only by the public interest, serving any governing party equally, and not contributing to polity but merely administrating those policies decided by the politicians. The traditional model f administration was an improvement comp ared to the introductory one, which was regarded as the replacement f personal administration with an impersonal system based on rules. thence these were central concerns f philosophers such as Aristotle in ancient Greece, Confucius in ancient China, and Machiavelli in chivalrous Italy. But the conception f the activist, bureaucratic state, despite its earlier para llels, is in exert an essentially 20th century phenomenon. The characteristics f this bureaucratic state were set out most clearly by the German sociologist Max Weber in 1920, with strong echoes f earlier writings by the American Woodrow Wilson at that place should be a clear separation between politics and administration, and therefore distinct roles for political leaders (normally elected) and state officials (normally appointed).Administration should be continuous and predictable, operating on the basis f written, unambiguous rules.... These principles were considerably adapted to bureaucratic structures. A final addition to the traditional model was the application f the insights f social psychology, in a human relations approach which is often contrasted with the scientific management approach, but in apply sought to achieve greater efficiency f performance too, though by paying perplexity to the need to motivate workers rather than merely control and direct them (Hughes , 1998, 35-6).Unfortunately, the ideal bureaucracy model had neer happened in the real life. The critique f the traditional model is based in a simile f the ideal model f bureaucracy with what happens in real systems f public administration.Due to the limitations, the practice f traditional model resulted in the overlarge government constitution and inefficient political feat in the late 1970s in most developed countries such as UK and USA. Associated with the new development f economic and organizational theories, the idea f New Public Management (NPM) became more and more popular. Those theories are coherent challenging with the problem f traditional model.The first challenge comes from the market economic aspect, which is concern with the public choice. The public choice theory argues who is able to make the best choice, the government or the separate Public choice advocates the maximisation f choice by individuals for both individual freedom and efficiency reasons. Dunleavy (1986) describes people are rational actors because they always seek the biggest possible benefits and the least costs in their decisions. interim the bureaucrats in the traditional model will attempt to